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Determining The Population Structure Of Salmo Salar

Joshua Igin Determining the Population Structure of Salmo salar (Atlantic Salmon) in the Salmon River, NY The Salmon River is located in Oswego County New York and it empties into Lake Ontario at Port Ontario. It is a major hub of public recreational fishing in New York State and contains a variety of fish including Chinook, Coho, and Atlantic Salmon as well as Brown Trout and many others. The Salmon River was an extremely productive tributary into the late 19th century. Unfortunately, a variety of factors led to the degradation of the water and subsequently the Atlantic Salmon population collapsed. These factors included deforestation, over-fishing, and dam construction. (dec.ny) In 1981 the Salmon River Hatchery was formed in Altmar NY,†¦show more content†¦(Falconer and Mackay, 1996). Additionally, (Youngson et al 2003) explains that in the management of hatcheries, managers must make decisions based on population structure and genetic insight. This research would provide novel information that could inform better decision making in terms of the effectiveness and efficiency of the hatchery. The Atlantic Salmon is an appropriate fish to study because of it’s importance globally. It is a commonly eaten fish, and is very prevalently produced used in aquaculture techniques. In addition to that, it’s a fish that has seen a dramatic population decline globally. There are major conservation efforts concerning it, specifically on the coast of Maine. It is an anadromous fish, and typically spends 2-3 years in freshwater, then spends about 2-3 years in the ocean and then returns to it’s native river to spawn. This makes it very vulnerable to the conditions it may face in both environments. The general approach of this study will follow similar methodology to the approach used in Ward 2006. The Genetic diversity within the populations will be examined based on samples locus genotypes and the genome diversity can be examined for fits to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The genetic differentiation between the samples will be quantified using the FST statistic from Wright,Show MoreRelatedSalmon Culture Site Selection For A Partially Integrated Coho Salmon3086 Words   |  13 Pagesintegrated coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) operation. Sarah Davis 27600105 Applied Biology 418 Dr. Ackerman October 31, 2014 Introduction The commercial culture of salmonids is concentrated on three high value species: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Asche and Bjorndal 2011). Early North American commercial salmon culturists favoured coho salmon as a culture species due to their rapid growth rate and hardiness (iRead MoreEia - Scoping Report: Fictional Marina Development6426 Words   |  26 PagesPhase Negative visual impacts may result from extensive vegetation clearance, however careful re-planting can enhance the landscape. The development presents an opportunity to considerably improve the local landscape by the removal of derelict structures. Construction plant may be a visual nuisance to local residents, though this is largely unavoidable and limited to the construction phase. Figure 2, an aerial photo of the site, showing the nearby areas that will be most affected. Image  ©GoogleRead MoreField Experiment On Surface Water Groundwater Exchange6106 Words   |  25 Pagesare able to utilize a wider range of habitats (Kennedy et al. 2008, Armstrong and Nislow 2006). Post emergence survivability also depends largely on environmental conditions. Studies investigating the spatial scale for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following emergence provide evidence that post emergent salmon are likely to remain near their nest, even if moving could improve their growth (Einum 2011, 2012), suggesting that post-emergent salmon may benefit from the fluxes of upwelling areas

Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System - 1297 Words

Discrimination is a known concept that happens everywhere, yet police and prosecutors are blind to it. Their ways of preventing crime are discriminatory in every sense of the word and they categorize people based on their skin color and where they reside. The disproportionate minority contact with the stop and frisk method is one of the ways that discrimination can be seen. â€Å"Code of the Street† and â€Å"Law and Disorder in Philadelphia† help dissect why discrimination is not seen by police and their agencies and also how police officers and their administration go about ways of preventing crime. The pressure within the police, community, and courts create inequalities for the individuals going through the Criminal Justice System.†¦show more content†¦Anderson’s second point is about family lives. There are tons of kids that are living on the street, in abandoned cars and houses. Their homes are usually taken over by drugs and are compromised. Beca use these children are looking for protection, they often turn to the ‘drug kings’ of their community. These types of people are who shape the guys that are going to take their place in the drug community once they retire. Decent families on the other hand, accept mainstream values and instill a sense of responsibility in their younger family members. These types of families are usually thought of as non-Whites. The police administration doesn’t see that they are being discriminatory because they are focusing on the areas of concentrated poverty. All the administration wants to do is prevent crime. They believe they aren’t necessarily going after people of color, they are trying to prevent crime in the best way that they know how. Police and their superiors are well aware that the areas of poverty go to illegal ways to make money. The stop and frisk method was implemented in areas of concentrated of poverty, which meant increased contact with minorities. I t was seen to be a solution to get the most contact with minorities because that’s where the administration sees crime happening. The administration is telling the street cops what to do to prevent crime and the street cops areShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1725 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination is defines as racism that implicates the credence in racial differences, which acts as a justification for non-equal treatment of members of that race. Also, this paper will be focusing on the race industry within the criminal justice system in all level law enforcement, courts and court system. Racial discrimination can be researched back in history its leading enablers take it as undisputable that the African American community has the highest number of incarceration ratesRead MoreDiscrimination in the Criminal Justice System Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesWhen you think of the criminal justice system, you think of justice being served to those who wish to threaten it. The criminal justice system is a very powerful system that protects our society but like society, it is not perfect. The justice system runs off of discrimination against race and gender It is believed that African Americans are the criminals, Caucasians are the victims, and women are too weak to even be in the system. Is this information accurate? I believe that crime should not beRead MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1512 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough saying the criminal justice system is racist is a controversial statement, there is evidence and statistics that prove it to be true. Research and evidence validate the issue of racism to be undeniable. Equality and justice are out of reach with the racism that takes place in our criminal justice system and our country. Racial discrimination is prevalent amongst the African American culture in issues regarding drug use, and incarceration which creates unfair inequality for this race. I willRead MorePolice Discrimination And Disregard For The Criminal Justice System Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that police discrimination and disregard for the Criminal Justice System is on the rise due to the fact the crime is on the rise and people wish to have an excuse to get away with it. One of the biggest cases of discrimination in the United States of America is discrimination against our police officers and our Criminal Justice System. In this paper, I hope to refute accusations against our officers and the criminal justice system and to call people to have a greater appreciation and supportiveRead MoreRacial Discrimination Within The Criminal Justice System1271 Words   |  6 PagesRacial discrimination is where an employer commits race discrimination when it makes job decisions based on race or when it adopts seemingly neutral job policies that disproportionately affect members of a particular race. Federal and most state laws prohibit workplace race discrimination. Title VII -- the federal law that prohibits racial discrimination of the U.S. Constitution and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 work in concert to ensure that each resident’s chances in the pursuit o f happiness areRead MoreWhy Is Discrimination Within The United States Criminal Justice System1539 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is discrimination present in the United States criminal justice system? How is the system setup for people of color to fail? This social problem is interesting for many reasons. Many people believe that racism is still a key factor in today’s society. The justice system, which should stand for equality and peace, in reality does spread the public’s beliefs of racism and an unfair justice system. 74.0% of blacks do not agree that the justice system treats people fairly and equally(Hurwitz andRead MoreCases And Labeling Theory : Case Analysis971 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst capital punishment which has pertained to an African American in the equal justice†(Baldus Study,2015). Another important case in our court system is the McCleskey v. Kemp. McCleskey was presumably charged with the murder of an officer in Kemp, which the cop was white a nd McCleskey was black. During this trail the court had argued that there has been observed to be discriminated in various cases throughout our system. Thanks to the evaluation of David Baldus in his study, we can see the positiveRead MoreDisparity and Discrimination Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesMany different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differencesRead MoreRacial Inequality919 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed in the American criminal justice system. Although racial discrimination is present in the criminal justice system, some people use the words inequality, discrimination, racism, and profiling loosely and do not understand how truly complex it is to prove that there actually is racial inequality present in the criminal justice system. Daniel P Mears, Joshua C. Cochran, and Andrea M. Lindsey article Offending and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Criminal Justice: A Conceptual Framework forRead More Is The Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages Is the Criminal Justice System Racially Biased? Most criminologist use two sources of criminal justice data in the United States: the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS). The URC data is made from law enforcement agencies and include crime incidents reported to or obtained by the police. NCVS data is obtained from a very complex national survey of a sample of homes and provide information about crime incidents and victims for both reported and unreported

Creative Titles For Romeo And Juliet Essay Example For Students

Creative Titles For Romeo And Juliet Essay A monologue from the play by William ShakespeareNURSE: Even or odd, of all days in the year,Come Lammas Eve at night shall she be fourteen.Susan and she (God rest all Christian souls!)Were of an age. Well, Susan is with God;She was too good for me. But, as I said,On Lammas Eve at night shall she be fourteen;That shall she, marry; I remember it well.Tis since the earthquake now eleven years;And she was weaned (I never shall forget it),Of all the days of the year, upon that day;For I had then laid wormwood to my dug,Sitting in the sun under the dovehouse wall.My lord and you were then at Mantua.Nay, I do bear a brain. But, as I said,When it did taste the wormwood on the nippleOf my dug and felt it bitter, pretty fool,To see it tetchy and fall out with the dug!Shake, quoth the dovehouse! Twas no need, I trow,To bid me trudge.And since that time it is eleven years,For then she could stand high-lone; nay, by th rood,She could have run and waddled all about;For even the day before, she broke her brow;And then my husband (God be with his soul!A was a merry man) took up the child.Yea, quoth he, dost thou fall upon thy face?Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit;Wilt thou not, Jule? and, by my holidam,The pretty wretch left crying and said Ay.To see now how a jest shall come about!I warrant, an I should live a thousand yearsI never should forget it. Wilt thou not, Jule? quoth he,And, pretty fool, it stinted and said Ay.

Implementation Of An Effective Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implementation Of An Effective Management? Answer: Introduction There is always a need for the implementation of an effective risk management process in every organization irrespective of any industry. The aim of the risk management process is to protect the organization and help it to achieve its objectives (Reason, 2016). IT risk management deals with the proper application of the principles of risk management in IT industry (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The security in IT has a relation with the access controls of the different subjects. The IT security model is the specification and enforcement of the different security policies. The report takes into account the threats of security in IT and the ways to assess the risks, the security models, access controls and the technology scenario. IT Security and Technology Landscape The security of information and data is very significant for any type of organization since devices contain many personal and official data that cannot be shared by everyone (Witten et al., 2016). It will be a huge loss to an individual or any organization if any data is stolen or lost. This has enabled the companies to think about the various IT security policies and technologies. This security can be restored by not giving unwanted access to any users. The security of information and computing system covers a wide area within an organization. Lack of proper understanding of the areas and the security levels of the different devices, protocols, applications, hardware and operating systems may cause security vulnerabilities that are having chances of affecting the organization. Two significant factors in the security of the information are the security model and the security policy (Siponen, Mahmood Pahnila, 2014). The security model defines an outline as to how the security measures will be implemented. It provides a blueprint and architecture of the computer system that has the chance of getting affected by malware or hackers. A security policy on the other hand, provides an outline as to how the data are accessed, what type of security is needed and what are the actions that need to be taken to protect the data from getting affected or lost. The security policy gives an outline of a computing device. The security model gives an outline of the actions that need to be taken when the necessary requirements are not met. A security model helps in outlining the required logic as well as the rules that can be implemented to make it sure that no lower-level subject can access the higher-level objects in any unauthorized way (Petritsch, 2014). It provides necess ary explanation about the development of the computing system to support the security policies. IT Security Models and Access Controls An IT security model is a type of template that provides a description as to how the security of information is carried out and governed in an organization (Islam et al., 2015). A security model helps in mapping the abstract goals of the policies of information system terms through proper specification of the techniques and data structures that are significant for the enforcement of the security policies (Peltier, 2016). Access control of the subjects in a computer system is very significant. The subjects can be any processes, user or computer and the access control deals with whether the subjects are able to perform certain operations like read, write, search, execute and delete properly on any objects like a tuple in a database, any files, resources, tables or any service. The main aim of the access control is to preserve the integrity as well as confidentiality of information (Albrechtsen, 2015). The policies of access control define the permissions of the subjects in the computing system. These policies are framed on the basis of access control models. These models define the relationships among the operations, subjects, objects and permissions. Figure 1: Sample access control matrix (Source: Sayah et al., 2016) The read and write operations are denoted by R and W in the above access control matrix. For example, Alice has the permission of read and write of the medical records but only read permission for administrative record and prescriptions. IT Security Threat and Risk Assessment There are various types of security threats that the IT industry has to deal with. These include hackers, intellectual property threats, and corporate espionage, the increasingly compromised web, cyber warfare and so one (Bodenheimer Griffin, 2014). Other noticeable threats include spyware threat, phishing threats and computer virus threats. Spyware is a program that keeps on monitoring the online activities of a user for the purpose of capturing personal information. Phishers on the other hand, tries to steal financial or any personal data through instant messages and fraudulent chats. People again as hackers, are able to create threats for the IT industry. They are programmers who break in to other systems to change, destroy and steal information which is better known as cyber-terrorism. There is a need for the assessment of risks associated with the IT. This process of risk assessment is the identification, analyzing and evaluation of the risks to ensure the security of information (Webb et al., 2014). The need for the assessment is to reduce the wastage of efforts, resources and time. The results of the risk assessment help in formulating strategies in determining appropriate actions and priorities to manage the security risks. An integrated assessment of the security risk and the audit approach create a balance between the risks of IT and the businesses and keep a control of the infrastructures like business processes, databases, network and platform and applications. Conclusion The report has inferred about the different risks that are associated with the information technology industry. The companies as well as the individuals of the IT industry are facing lot of problems regarding the security of the information of the various systems of IT. Two important factors for the security of information in IT have been taken into account in the report. The various risks have been described in details that will give the companies an insight into how the data can be stolen. This has prompted the companies to make necessary risks assessments to take precautionary measures in saving the relevant data. References Albrechtsen, E. (2015). Major accident prevention and management of information systems security in technology-based work processes. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 36, 84-91. Bodenheimer, D. Z., Griffin, G. (2014). Pillaging the Digital Treasure Troves: The Technology, Economics, and Law of Cyber Espionage. Scitech Lawyer, 10(2), 16. Islam, S., Ouedraogo, M., Kalloniatis, C., Mouratidis, H., Gritzalis, S. (2015). Assurance of Security and Privacy Requirements for Cloud Deployment Model. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015). Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Peltier, T. R. (2016). Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Petritsch, H. (2014).Break-Glass: Handling Exceptional Situations in Access Control. Springer. Reason, J. (2016). Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Sayah, T., Coquery, E., Thion, R., Hacid, M. S. (2016). Access Control Enforcement for Selective Disclosure of Linked Data. In International Workshop on Security and Trust Management (pp. 47-63). Springer International Publishing. Siponen, M., Mahmood, M. A., Pahnila, S. (2014). Employees adherence to information security policies: An exploratory field study.Information management,51(2), 217-224. Webb, J., Ahmad, A., Maynard, S. B., Shanks, G. (2014). A situation awareness model for information security risk management. Computers security, 44, 1-15. Witten, I. H., Frank, E., Hall, M. A., Pal, C. J. (2016).Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufman