Nutrition and Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1583 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Nutrition Essay Did you like this example? Part I: Identification of Nutrient In the case of an Asian female, she is 35 years old, 52 and 95 pounds. She is HIV/AIDs positive, single and does very light activities. She has poor dentition and has poor malnutrition. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nutrition and Health" essay for you Create order She is currently under the National Institute of Health which provide her 1200 calorie diet. She takes the antiretroviral drug which includes the one-day tablet containing 150mg and 800mg, 1000mg calcium daily. The diet that the patient is taking has a deficiency of CHO, PRO and fat since the patients weight is meager that is 43kg. This value is small for an adult with 35yrs. This means that the diet is deficient of protein for bodybuilding and carbohydrate. The diet does not meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) since the patient seems to have insufficient calcium in her body. This is indicated by the poor dentition conditions that she has. The 5 nutrients that are recommended for the patient with a deficiency in macronutrient are the calcium, vitamin A, potassium, vitamin C and Iron. Calcium is a very essential mineral in the body because it helps in the development of the teeth and also strong bones. The patient is associated with performing a light activity which indicate that the patients bones are weak due to deficiency of calcium. Vitamin A is another essential nutrient which is highly recommended by the people living with HIV/AIDs because the diet with vitamin A has a very vital role in improving the immune system of the patient. The people living with HIV/AIDs has very low immunity and it is essential for them to boost their diet with vitamin A (Hummelen et al, 2011). Poor dentition of the patient show that she lacks a di et with enough vitamin A because vitamin A contributes in the development of bones and teeth. Part II(Disease Nutrient) The patient with HIV/AIDS should have a much-planned diet because if the diet lack some important nutrient or vitamin may cause a lot of complication and cause the health of the person to deteriorate. The victims are associated with diarrhoea which is caused by malabsorption as a result of the gut not able to uptake in the appropriate manner which causes loss of protein in the patients body. The patient with diarrhoea symptoms needs to take diet which is rich in protein to build up all the muscle tissue that breakdown. The patient whose diet does not have some certain nutrients which do not boost the immune system may cause the patients disease symptom to increase because the patients are associated with high-stress levels which has an adverse effect to the immune system. The patient may be eating a lot of food but the disease symptoms progress meaning that the diet that the person is undertaking does not help to boost the immune system. The patient should avoid food with a lot of sugar and salt since they have high chances of getting the cardiovascular disease because the ARV drugs the patient is taking makes them prone to heart diseases. The patient should limit the consumption of sugar to evade diseases such as diabetes and blood pressure. The patient should avoid drinking alcohol because it will deteriorate their health since it causes loss of water from the body. Water is essential in the body because it helps in the transportation of the important nutrient to all parts of the body. The HIV patient needs to eat foods that have high energy such as the sweet potatoes, cereals, rice, and the bread which enables the body to keep their bodies stable. To boost their immune system, the patients need to take fruits and vegetables which strengthen the immune system. Vitamin C is very important and can be obtained from citrus fruits like lemon, oranges, grapefruit and other fruits like tomatoes and mangoes. Vitamin A is also important in their body which can be obtained from red fruits, green fruits and also from green vegetables like spinach, kales, broccoli leaves from pumpkin and others. The patients are supposed to eat the fresh fruits and vegetables and they need not be over-cooked because they lose the nutrient in them. The vegetables are supposed to be cooked with moderate heat. Dairy products, meat, pork, milk which are food that is rich in protein which is an important diet in building body tissue and to strengthen the immune system of the patient (Liu, 2011). Ev en though the HIV patient should limit the levels of sugar and salt, it is important to take moderate sugar. These sugars can be obtained from biscuits, desserts, and cakes. The other nutrients which the HIV patient need to eat are flavonoid and phytosterols which are the nutrient from the fruits which helps to strengthen the immune system. Flavonoids nutrient can be obtained from fruits such as the carrots, apples, strawberries, and peppers. The phytosterols nutrients are obtained from whole grains such as the nuts, sunflower seeds, seafood, and peas. When the food and the drugs are consumed, they interact differently, and it is essential to consider how the nutrient is absorbed and whether medicine has a side effect. People living with HIV need to utilize the nutritionist, in case there is a side effect of the medicine and food the nutritionist can advise the patient on the alternative way to supplement the food to get the same health benefit without causing any side effect. There is some food which affects the action of the drug-modifying conjugase and systems of MFO. For instance, some substances are found in some foods such as charcoal roasted meat, cabbage that influences the action of the MFO system through the induction of the enzyme (Willby, 2012). There is some herbal dietary supplement which has negative effects when they interact with therapeutic drugs like the ARV. These supplements have a potential threat to the drugs because of the stimulation of the enzyme and affect some categories of the medication (Wilby, 2012). There are some studies which show that the nutrient found in garlic has been reported to minimize the concentration of plasma of saquinavir to the human health. The nutrient restriction that has been made for the patient with HIV/AIDs taking ARV are, food rich in calcium should be separated from dosing by 2hours because affect the action of integrase. When using the capsules medication, the garlic consumption should be avoided by the patient (Bayan et al, 2014). Food which has vitamin E should be evaded to prevent the danger of bleeding which is caused by TPV. It is recommended that the patient should observe those restriction to avoid the nutrient-drug side effects which affect the health of the patient. Part III: Patient Education. Calculation of the patient, BMI, BMR, CHO, and PRO Parameters: age-35yrs, weight-95lb or 43kg, Height-52. BMI 95/61.5 X61.5 (4225) X0.703=15.8 The value of BMI of the Asian Woman is below the healthy weight standard which ranges from 18.5 to 24.9; this indicates that the lady is underweight. BMR BMR is the amount of calorific need that the patient needs in her diet BMR=[{(950X0.2 (activity)) + 950 }x0.1}+1140 =1254calories per day CHO The amount of carbohydrate she needs should be determined to restrict the amount she feeds because she does light activity. (1254X0.45 Calories=565)/4calories /gram =141grams/day ( 1254 X 0.65=815)/4 Calories/gram=204 Dairy range 565-825 calories per day from 141-204 grams per day PRO The intake of protein recommended is approximately 1.5 to 2.0 times and the recommended protein for adults is 0.8g/kg (Dudek, 2014) 95lb/2.2kg/lb =43.8kgX0.8=34.5 grams protein daily 34.5grams X 1.5 times =51.8grams per day x 4calories/gram= 207calories per day 34.5grams X 2 times as much required for an adult =69 grams per day X 4 calories per gram= 276carories/day Dairy range 207-276 calories per day or 34.5-51.8 grams per day. FAT The recommended fat for the patent is 35% to 40 % (Dudek, 2014) Part III. Smart Goals and Patient Care Plan In the SMART goals, the patient needs to eat at least three meals per day which are rich in protein so that she will be able to build all the worn out tissues in the body. She needs to eat a special diet because of the underweight levels she is of 15.8. The patient needs to work hard and increase the more foods which are rich in protein and also more calories which are in the form of fats and carbohydrates. The patient should add protein to her diets such as eating hard boiled eggs, eating more legumes such as nuts and beans, chopped meals and soups. To add the Calories she needs to take foods like rice, potatoes, and crackers. The patient should try to limit the number of sugary drinks and spicy foods. This is to prevent diarrhea. References Bayan, L., Koulivand, P. H., Gorji, A. (2014). Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 4(1), 1. Dudek, S. G. (2014). Nutrition essentials for nursing practice (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Hummelen, R., Hemsworth, J., Changalucha, J., Butamanya, N. L., Hekmat, S., Habbema, J. D. F., Reid, G. (2011). Effect of micronutrient and probiotic fortified yogurt on immune-function of anti-retroviral therapy naive HIV patients. Nutrients, 3(10), 897-909. Liu, E., Spiegelman, D., Semu, H., Hawkins, C., Chalamilla, G., Aveika, A., Fawzi, W. (2011). Nutritional status and mortality among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204(2), 282-290. Wilby, K. J., Greanya, E. D., Ford, J. A. E., Yoshida, E. M., Partovi, N. (2012). A review of drug interactions with boceprevir and telaprevir: implications for HIV and transplant patients. Annals of Hepatology, 11(2), 179-185.

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1855 Words

Imagine being a teenager in today’s society who got pregnant. What would you do? Telling your parents is not an option because you are terrified of their reaction and you do not want to put that stress on them. Keeping the baby will not work because you are not financially stable (you are still in high school) and your parents definitely will not support that decision. You are not even sure if you are pregnant, that is just what the CVS brand pregnancy test said. What is your next step? Abortion? Maybe you do not support abortions. Adoptions? Ideal, but you are not sure where to go for adoption referrals. What options do you have? Well, what if you knew about an organization that could provide you with guidance and options? What if your school taught you about this so-called organization? You could talk to professionals about what your next move is and, even without insurance, they figure out ways to help no matter what. That â€Å"organization† would be Planned Parenthood. Being an 18 year old who has had health class in high school, I can say that I was not educated on Planned Parenthood. Even if teenagers do not support Planned Parenthood and are against the organization, they should still be educated on the subject. I suggest school systems find a way to fit teaching students about Planned Parenthood into the school curriculum because everyone should know what options they have. Planned Parenthood in our Society Planned Parenthood is a non-profitShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has lif e; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abor tion if there are other choices forRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number of

Using Literature as a Gateway to Critical Thinking Free Essays

Sometimes, the groans can be heard clear across a campus, and they resonate in memory for years. When a professor assigns a text for reading, anything from the poem â€Å"Just to say† by William Carlos Williams to Herman Melville’s â€Å"Moby Dick,† the students are rapid to react as if they have been handed a death sentence. In some cases, this is because they have so much their reading on their plates that they just feel overwhelmed, but many times, it is a matter of their previous failures to grasp anything meaningful from a literature assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Using Literature as a Gateway to Critical Thinking or any similar topic only for you Order Now This later is the primary point of importance in continuing to distribute the literature. Many university students lack a fundamental grasp on the tools they require to read and write critically, which in turns leaves them without the ability to think and reason in logical and critical terms. The influence of critical thinking on the success of a student at the university level is undeniable.   It will influence how well they comprehend the texts in front of them. It will affect the way in which they can relate one text to another across classroom and semester borders. It will also have a great effect in the way in which they can communicate their ideas to both their peers and their instructors. The way in which a student learns to read and produce written work will be the fundamental core of their language and communication abilities without regard to area of specialization. This learning begins very early in childhood. Learning to read as a child one develops a sense that the author is the beginning and end of the page, and the words used are there for the sole purpose of the surface story. Once a student is capable of surpassing this stage and he or she begins to consider the works on a deeper philosophical level the real learning begins. The student will begin reading for more than simple content and an entire new world will open up full of possibilities. Many students will never learn to recognize the deeper or more subtle meaning in many of the texts unless they are first exposed to it in literature.   Poetry is exceptionally useful for this purpose. The allusions, worked in through metaphor, simile, and symbolism, give a deeper insight to the position of the author from the outset. The famous lines of â€Å"This is Just to Say† by William Carlos Williams provides an excellent example for this type of inquiry: I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox and which you were probably saving for breakfast Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold If five students are asked what the narrator is really speaking about, the instructor will likely get five, or more, differing opinions. The poem may be about real plums.   The poem may be about the consumption of personal space or time.   The poem may be speaking on the conceit that obtaining forgiveness for acting may be earier to obtain than permission. These tools allow the student to understand there is a greater depth to the approach than the simple words on the page as a literal expression of a real object, place, or person. At the same time, these keys offer a new light on the author’s angle of approach. Knowing where the author is coming from helps to weed out fallacious arguments, personal vendettas, and even suppositions masquerading as facts. While others ideas can help a reader to formulate their own intellectually sound opinions, those ideas will only be as firmly grounded as the foundation of facts they are based on. The number of times that something is presented as a fact, only to turn out to be an opinion may really shock and surprise many of the students who are used to opening a text for a class and consuming what is before them for regurgitation. This technique is particularly well suited to high schools where the teacher to student ratio often precludes discussion. When the students then have to begin seeking out secondary sources and turn to the internet for information they will have to confront decisions on what is ‘good information’ versus ‘bad information.’ They will not even be able to be certain that newspaper articles and TV shows presented as news are giving them the honest facts. Looking at headlines on the internet, with a tool such as Google News, you can instantly see how word choices affect the entire tone of a story and change meaning dramatically even when reporting on the same incident. By giving students the tools they need to think critically, through the exploration of literature, the universities will begin to overcome the most common objections to much of the assigned reading. These students will begin, and continue, to question even those facts and ideas that appeal to them. This will give them the ability to construct strong and fair opinions of their own. It will lead them to be more cautious when writing papers for any number of disciplines. Not only will they have the moral stamina to stand up for their opinions, they will be certain that their opinions and statements are both fully realized and backed up with good documentation. The trouble with literature in the classrooms is not in the amount of time spent on literature itself, but on the lack of time spent on discussing the literature to bring about these changes to the culpabilities of the students as critical thinkers. Just reading it is not good enough.   In order to derive a benefit which will deepen the experience of education, and therefore contribute more effectively to the community, the time must be taken to teach explication as well as construct. Defining the importance of literature for the students and then perusing the matter if educating with it as a matter of common course is imperative to the end result of a well educated individual. These individuals will return more to society than what they take from it. In order the continue to chip away at the disparity between classes, races, and even genders, it is important to continue to train students who will think and reason in logical and critical terms through the ability to read and write critically. Literature is as imperative as resource as the air they breathe. How to cite Using Literature as a Gateway to Critical Thinking, Essay examples

Lifelong Learning-Knowledge Economy

Question: How the concepts of 'marketization of education', 'commodification of education', 'commodity fetishism' and 'primitive accumulation' are applied both to education in general and to your own professional context (link the concepts generally to education and use examples from your own professional context). Answer: Introduction: There are a number of way through which education might be delivered i.e. through the training, teaching, storytelling and discussion. The dissemination of education can be made in a formal and informal setting. Thus, any type of experience through education having a formative way of thinking, acting and feeling will be considered as education. When looking into the Marxist perspective of education, the traditional Marxist they see that the educational system to be working in the interest of the ruling class (Berlin, 2013). There are three types of functions that are performed by education for the elite class. It helps in reproducing the class inequality, legitimates class inequality and information technology works in favour of the capitalist employers. In this assignment, we link the concepts of Marx to that of education and the professional context Linking the concepts of Marx to Education: Marketization of education: Educational marketing is considered to be epidemic. The principles and the practices suffuse the administration and approach of the higher education so that the schools they are branded and gets more competitive. This is taking place recklessly with no significance of the challenges and the cost that is incurred by the educators, students and the society with the pursuing of the model with a lot of conflict (Prawer, 2014).The focus is primarily on the raising the level of the critical thinking of the students rather than degrees specification on the type of job. Commodification of Education: The corporate entities have taken up the initiative of education as the public funds are diminishing significantly while there is also a greater importance of knowledge in the education industry (Veblen, 2015).There has been a considerable amount of tension emerging in between companies and universities. There are however the means, method and incentive for lowering the levels of tension. An economy that is knowledge based can establish the qualification and the degrees as form of commoditizing the resource. The lack of the infrastructure with pre existence political and infrastructure by the university will be making the university as centres of delivery of information rather than educating the students. Commodity Fetishism: The commodity fetishism by Marx helps in interpreting commodity as commodity with magical qualities. As per Marx, commodity is a very simple but it gains importance with the increase in the use value. Education is treated as a commodity. The effectiveness of the commodity is realised when the learners, which help in the economic growth of the country, consume it (Kitching, 2015). In a capitalist form of society, they treat values are already inherited in the commodity. The person who manufactures or builds the commodity is no longer visible to the ultimate consumer. The concept of primitive accumulation of Marx helps in considering the transformations of the representation of higher education that goes along with that of education and is a consequence of disposition. This would be affecting the service of education and the ones who are the providers of the service. For example, University of Ghimwall is a prestigious institute is the United Kingdom. The payment o f the tuition fee is based on the CATS. There is a commercial relationship of student and the department. If there is a module undertaken in the other department, the fees is paid to the other department from the base fee of the previous department. The neo liberal discourse suggest that as the students they paying for education was termed as investment is human capital. They are actually paying for the diploma. The reputation of the university helps in getting a job and not the knowledge that is gathered. Fee is set as per the information in the market. Education is treated as investment (for students) and commodity for the (university). Primitive Accumulation: In case of the Marxist economics, the problem that is related to the primitive accumulation of capital is mainly concerned with the capital origin, and the class distinction between the non-possessors and possessors came to be. According to Marx, the primitive accumulation means privatizing of the means of production so that the owners who are exploiting they are able to make money from utilizing the labours who would be working for them. Karl Marx tends to explain primitive accumulations as taking a land, enclosing it and expelling resident to create as landless proletariat and then releasing the land for private capital accumulation (Parker, 2014). The classical primitive accumulation helps in reflecting more of the pessimistic vision that is related to the fall in the rate of profit that is enjoyed from the days of the World War II. The higher level of productivity was taking a toll on the productivity. For example, the colleges and the universities due to the lack financial support have to rely on the support from the corporation. Thus, there is a no other option left for the university but to serve the needs of the corporate. There are fortunes spent on the facilities of research, which helps the corporations to monetize. The integrity and loss of autonomy is suffered in the process. Due to the higher tuition fees, the colleges are seen to be reputable with lucrative market. Lack of the public transportation and financial resources will be laying groundwork for the privatization while the public schools they suffer. Linking the concepts of Marx to Profession: As a primary teacher of the educational system of Cyprus, the teachers are treated as the technicians and not as professionals. The commodity education hold some value stored in it which is getting increasingly popular and acts significantly towards economic growth. The consumers of education are the learners. Capitalism is the trend and the education system is increasingly privatised which is in a way good as it improves the quality of education in another aspect it makes the basic requirement i.e. education quite expensive. Expensive educational system will be depriving many of the people from the middle class not to get basic education (Kjeldsen Bonvin, 2015). Praxis will help in guiding and informing the educators. This would in the educational setting whether the setting of institute enables constraints or disables praxis. Praxis is a type of action that is morally committed, informed and oriented by tradition in a field. This action will help in transforming the social world. Praxis needs to be considered in the in the profession and occupation like farming, medicine and education. In a particular type of setting when the educator through the service takes into consideration not only his interest but also takes into consideration the individual student and interest of the society and the entire world (Rigney, 2015). This is a way through which a teacher engages into a praxis. Teaching is an age-old humanity and education has the characteristics that were made centuries ago. There is a constant change in the educational needs over time as teaching has been a pressure from the societal and social development. There was significant rise in the demand for education for the masses during the time of industrialization but there has been a drastic change in the global economic perspective on information. As a community inquirer, there been strategically examination of development of process in different educational field like the education of the schoolteachers , vocational training and education, leadership in education, policy making in education and community education (Kemmis Smith, 2008). Conclusion: Education is a very important aspect for facilitating learning or acquiring of the knowledge values, skills, beliefs and habits. The guidance by the educator will help to conduct education but the learners can also be educated along the process. The over whelming evidence is that schools they provide evidence of wealth that creates inequality in the class as the middle class they do better as they have more cultural capital. The negative aspect is that the working class they do not accept what they are taught. Education is increasing treated to be as a driver of growth. Education is increasingly being capitalised as there is lower level of funds in the hand of government so the common people are unable to available. References: Berlin, I. (2013).Karl Marx. Princeton University Press. Kemmis, S. Smith, T. (2008).Enabling praxis. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publications. Kitching, G. (2015).Karl Marx and the Philosophy of Praxis (RLE Marxism)(Vol. 6). Routledge. Kjeldsen, C. C., Bonvin, J. M. (2015). The capability approach, education and the labour market. InFacing Trajectories from School to Work(pp. 19-34). Springer International Publishing. Parker, M. (2014). Structures of education and society.Philosophy and Education: An Introduction to Key Questions and Themes, 20. Prawer, S. S. (2014).Karl Marx and world literature. Verso Books. Rigney, J. (2015). Social Theory in Education. Philip Wexler. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. 2009. 125 pp. $18.95.Educational Studies,51(4), 337-340. Veblen, T. (2015).The socialist economics of Karl Marx and his followers. Read Books Ltd.

Miss Julie Essays - Operas, Miss Julie, August Strindberg, Julie

Miss Julie In Miss Julie, by August Strindberg wrote about the naturalistic view of human behavior. He symbolizes the behavior through animal imagery. The animal image Strindberg uses helps him exemplify his naturalistic view. The first animal imagery Strindberg uses is the dog. Jean uses the dog imagery to describe to Kristen how Miss Julie made her ex-fianc? act before the break-up. " Why, she was making him jump over her riding whip the way you teach a dog to jump." A dog is mans best friend only because a dog is an extremely loyal animal. Having Jean compare what Miss Julies did to her ex-fianc? with what some one would do to a dog shows Miss Julies drive to be the dominant one or the master. Strindberg again uses the imagery of a dog when he has Miss Julie say, "dog who wears my collar" to Jean. Miss Julie feels that her social status is so much superior to that of Jean that their relationship could be compared to that of a master and his dog. The dog imagery in the play is also used to demonstrate the difference in social classes. In the play Miss Julie's dog, Diana, is impregnated by the lodge-keepers pug. Kristen demonstrates Miss Julie's disgust when she says; "She almost had poor Diana shot for running after the lodge-keepers pug." The sexual affair between the dogs also represents the sexual affair between Jean and Miss Julie and how the two of them look down on each other. Jean looks down on Miss Julie for being surprisingly easy to obtain. While Miss Julie looks down on Jean for being a servant of hers and of a lower social class. In the play Miss Julie says that she would have killed Jean like a wild beast and Jean goes on to compare it to the killing of a mad dog. Jean comparing himself to a mad dog also shows how Miss Julie feels that Jean is a sick animal and deserves to die. Like the imagery of the dog Strindberg uses the imagery of a horse. Jean says that, "A dog may lie on the Countess's sofa, a horse be stroked on the nose by a young lady, but a servant." In that quote Jean suggests that a servant is unable to socialize with the upper class, while dogs and horses are. Jean also compares himself to a horse when his master rigs his bell. " I've only to hear his bell upstairs and I start like a shying horse." The simile of comparing Jean to a shying horse also has an ironic overtone, because a horse is a very powerful animal and why should a powerful animal shy to a weaker animal. That shows a good comparison to Jean physical stature and his outlook on the social structure of society that is around him. A horse also symbolizes work and that is Jean main plot in life. The last animal imagery used in the play is that of a hawk. Jean explains Miss Julie what the world looks like from the lower class. "Do you know how the world looks from below? You don't. Like hawks and falcons, whose backs one rarely sees because they usually hover above use." The symbolism of the hawk and only see the under side is actually showing that since Miss Julie is part of the upper class she is able to see the Hawks back. While Jean is part of the lower class and is only able to see its underside. The hawk also represents how wealthy people feel as if they are flying above everyone. Another, symbol in the story about classes is Jeans dream of climbing a tree. The climbing of the tree symbolizes Jean struggle to succeed in life and become part of the upper class. On the other hand Miss Julie also has a dream "I have a dream...I have climbed to the top of a pillar, and I am sitting there without any possibility of getting down." This is the flip side of Jeans dream Miss Julie is already on top of the social spectrum and is unable to get down or mingle with the servants and if she does they all look down on her. Strindberg again uses the imagery of a hawk after Jean and Miss Julie are intimate. This time he changes it and says that the back of the hawk was also gray and that it color was just powder. That signifies

Citizen Cane the Significance of Rosebud

Citizen Cane the Significance of Rosebud Come to Life It is hard to nail down what exactly makes the movies that have been claimed as all-time classics stay in audience’s good graces for so long. No one can tell the precise recipe for a good move – there is no book that tells how to. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Cane: the Significance of Rosebud specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, whenever a movie is released, the passion that went into the movie-making process collides with the critical vision of the audience. A decent element of the â€Å"old gold† collection of classic films, Citizen Cane is a graphical example of how a well-written character with a unique arch and a decently developed intrigue can make a cinematic masterpiece out of a one poor rich man’s story. A symbol of childhood, innocence and the best kept secret of all time, Rosebud adds that bittersweet melancholic tone to the Citizen Cane and make s it appeal not only to the great of the world, but to any adults who can still remember the time when they were young and careless. Like many other well-written symbols in a movie, Rosebud incorporates several ideas at once, embracing a whole spectrum of emotions and a bunch of memories. Before proceeding with the analysis of the Rosebud significance, one must mention that throughout the entire movie, weirdly enough, it was mistaken for a number of things and people. Some considered that Rosebud was Kane’s memory of his failure: â€Å"A racehorse he bet on once, probably, that didn’t come in – Rosebud!† The reporter, Jerry Thompson, believed that Rosebud was actually a friend of Kane. Thrilling the viewers into paying attention, the movie helps the audience relate to the leading character. Hence the wistful mood comes, making the audience tune into the story of Citizen Kane. It can be suggested that in this meaning, Rosebud represents a symbol of nosta lgia. As it finally turns out, the sled, which the Rosebud eventually turned out to be, appears to be the symbol of Kane’s childhood and everything that being a child involved, that is, having fun and being a kid without a care in the world. Rosebud is the symbol of all the fun that Orson Welles’ character had as a child, and the regret for not having given credit to those days before. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rosebud is the symbol of the times when there was no need to care for anything, or fight or anything; it was the time of innocence for Foster Kane. One might argue that the life that Kane led as an adult was much more complex and, therefore, more engaging than the childhood adventures. The movie, however, makes it very clear with the help of Rosebud as a symbol of childhood that it takes ridiculously little to feel on top of the world. In fa ct, at certain point, Welles drops a very clear hint at the act that Rosebud is supposed to signify childlike innocence and contrast with the vulgarity that surrounded Kane in his business career and love affairs: MISS ANDERSON: You have enjoyed a very rare privilege, young man. Did you find what you were looking for? THOMPSON: No. Tell me something, Miss Anderson. You’re not a Rosebud, are you?’ MISS ANDERSON: ‘What?’ THOMPSON: ‘I didn’t think you were’† (Citizen Kane). Contrasting everything that Miss Anderson represents, starting with her no-nonsense attitude to the prim and proper manners, to Rosebud, Welles makes it clear that Rosebud is a reminiscence of the days when playing games was enough to feel happy. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Cane: the Significance of Rosebud specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is quite peculiar that Kane’s attit ude towards children gets a mentioning several times in the movie; for example, talking about her children, Emily says that Kane â€Å"sees to it that they get cheap ice and only pay a nickel in the street cars† (Citizen Kane). The message that Rosebud conveys might also imply that only in their childhood, people can feel genuinely happy. Speaking of the other things that Rosebud could signify, one can argue that Rosebud is the symbol of good times and the idealization of the â€Å"old days†. Nostalgia is an integral part of people’s life, which Citizen Kane shows in the most obvious way; even the business giant and a cool-blooded, always-reasonable Kane finally confesses that he misses the time when he was a child, though in a rather vague way. On the one hand, in the given context, Rosebud can be considered the symbol of weakness: â€Å"Tough guy, huh? Dies calling for Rosebud!† (Citizen Kane). On the other hand, this is the kind of weakness that makes the audience more sympathetic towards Foster Kane. Everyone has ever had a time in his/her life when a choice between staying innocent and growing up was made, and that choice came at a price. Taking the above-mentioned idea to a different level, one might also consider Rosebud as the sacrifice that Kane made to grow up. However, in the light of the fact that Kane never mentioned Rosebud whenever the movie cut to his life in a flashback, it should be concluded that he never realized what kind of price he had paid for becoming what he finally became. Thus, it can be considered that Rosebud was a kind of a fee for entering the world of adults. Though, as it has been mentioned, Kane never says a word about Rosebud and did not even seem to remember it, the audience still sees the pain that he has to go through when trying to figure out why he heels so empty: â€Å"Mrs. Kane liked poetry† (Citizen Kane). Rosebud seems to be the kind of wistful memory of something that Kane woul d have never felt again – the joy of being just a kid, and being loved by his mother merely for being her son; the joy of knowing that he belonged somewhere and that he was always welcome there. A symbol of time when the lead character could not care less about the problems that most adults face, Rosebud represents the memories about the childhood that every adult has hidden somewhere deep within, as well as the nostalgia for the time when one could be free from the worries of the adults and the existential angst of young adults. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the most well-kept secrets in the history of cinema, Rosebud is a perfect symbol of the sacrifice that people make when they leave the realm of childhood and enter the world of the grown-ups. What used to seem a wonderland full of fun and games turns out to be a piece of junk and a miserable wreck, and that is the cost for growing up. Citizen Kane. Dir. Orson Welles. Perf. Orson Welles, Joseph Cotton and Dorothy Comingore. RKO Radio Pictures, 1941. Film.

OCcupational Health Assignment for a BSc degree programme

OCcupational Health for a BSc degree programme - Assignment Example They are meant to protect the identity and ensure the anonymity of the patient and the staff involved. This practice is being employed in accordance with clause 5 of the Code of Professional Conduct (2004) and the Department of Health’s Caldicott Committee Report (1997). I was asked to see an employee of the UK-wide Bakery service who had been off sick for a laceration on both her arms. The patient, Cynthia, was 32 years old, single, and living alone in a one bedroom apartment within the vicinity of the city’s commercial district. She had been working the night shift with the Bakery service for 5 years running and about 2 days prior to my visit, she reported to the HR that she was taking time off work for injuries she suffered when she fell through a glass door. She had lacerations on both her arms due to her accident. She was later taken to the hospital where she was stitched up and sent home. However, during my visit, she confided in me that she did not actually obtain the injuries from falling through a glass door. Instead, they were self-inflicted injuries and she did not inform the hospital that her injuries were self-inflicted. She said that she attempted to take her life because she had a dispute with a co-worker with whom she was havi ng a relationship. She also felt alone and depressed about her life and the direction that her life was taking. When I saw her, she was weepy, sad, and very glum. Her wounds were healing well, but I could see that she lost the general interest in life. She looked haggard and looked like she had not slept and eaten for days. I was concerned about her situation because she still had feelings of suicide. I managed to persuade her to confide in her HR. Between me and the HR, we were able to convince her to attend Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and to see a counsellor. At work, the HR and the manager decided to move her to the day shift in order to give her more interaction with other employees.

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children - Essay Example Viewers invariably have the entire family and perhaps none of the family members escape this all pervasive and negative influence. Children, with impressionable and tender psyches, are increasingly witnessing real-life violence, either in their homes, streets, schools, work places and almost everywhere. This violence has not only assumed epidemic proportions but is a sad and painful reflection on our society when recipients of violence are children, particularly in domestic environment. An environment which is otherwise supposed to protect and nurture young ones instead works to leave deep scars of hostile violence. To top it all provocations may be extremely trivial. This state of affair constitutes both a public health and moral/philosophical crises. The United States (US) has the highest homicide rate in the world. The US homicide rate for young men is 73 times greater than that observed in comparable industrialized nations. Largely uncontrolled proliferation of guns and other lethal weapons is linked directly, for one, to the increased homicide rates among children and for two, to the numbers of violent incidents that children may witness. On an average each day in the US, 9 children are murdered, guns wound 30 children, and 307 children are arrested for violent crimes. Purpose of the Study As the impact of violence on young children is the focus of this study, it is important to consider the culture in which children and their families are embedded. The social history of the US has always given more emphasis to traditions of individual rights and individualism over any perceived or real collective good. This philosophical stance underlies the tolerance of violence against women and the practices of corporal punishment in families. Historically, the emphasis on individual rights dictated that a man had unfettered rights on affairs of his household and that issues in family discipline were not the business of government or the courts. Prior to the late 1800s, children had few rights distinct from their families of birth. In fact it is an irony of societal logic that agencies were established to protect the rights of animals before agencies were established to protect the rights of children. It was not until the 1960s that state agencies were set up with specific legal ma ndates to protect children from familial abuse and neglect. This historical tradition of the supremacy of individual rights also contributed to the inability of the US to regulate gun ownership and possession. It is within this culture that families raise children. Definition of Terms The term violence encompasses a broad

The Image of Jesus by Scorsese and Young Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Image of Jesus by Scorsese and Young - Essay Example Hence, it would be more plausible to imagine Jesus essentially as man, but possibly endowed with a core of Godhood. This is what films such as "The Last Temptation of Christ" (1988) and Jesus (1999) have done, and very admirably too. The attempts of both Martin Scorsese and Roger Young was basically to resolve the paradox of Jesus' humanity and his divinity. The thing that immediately strikes us about their portrayal of the central character of New Testament is that here is a Jesus we can more easily identify with and relate to. In the Bible, Jesus appears as an "avatar" - as Godhood descended upon earth. Though even in the Bible, Jesus does not perform any earth-shattering miracles, comports himself in a humble manner and often appears frail and vulnerable, but because of the connotations that have accrued over the ages, it is impossible to view the Jesus of Nazareth in the New Testament, even before he becomes Christ, as anything but God walking in our midst. Whereas in these movies, we see a more human side of Jesus, here Jesus is an authentic man searching and gradually ascending his way to Di vinity.

Development of an Entrenched Constitution

Development of an Entrenched Constitution How Entrenched or rigid should a states Constitution be? A constitution is defined as a frame of political society, organised through and by law; that is to say one in which law has established permanent institutions with recognised functions and definitive rights (Wolf-Phillips, 1972:7). Thus a Constitution in itself is a legal framework through and by which a state is governed. This essay will asses factors that benefit and hinder constitutions based upon their depth of entrenchment. An entrenched constitution will usually be derived from a single codified document which will itself set special procedure Different from that needed to amendment of extra constitutional law, (Wolf- Philips, 1968: xiv) to allow amendments to be made. These codified constitutions are thus often difficult to amend due to the checks and balances built into the constitutional amendment procedure, to protect existing systems and institutions from radical short term ideas. Conversely less entrenched constitutions are demonstrated through uncodified constitutions. These constitutions that outline the rules by which government and society function are not contained within a single document but are instead set out in a variety of forms, from statute law, to general conventions and also respected and influential academic writings. Here it is the case that no special procedures are required for amendment (Norton, 1982:9). This essay will attempt to argue that equilibrium needs to be established between entrenchment and flexibility, to ensure that basic civil rights of citizens are outlined and entrenched, but that ultimately the hands of democratically elected persons should not be tied when taking important decisions by an overarching entrenched document smothering any political or societal advancement. A major and frequent criticism of an entrenched constitution derives from their very defining factor, namely that they are difficult to change and amend (Hague, 2007:261). This Critique is based upon the fact that as society changes, new challenges are faced by politics and that untimely a constitution constructed in some cases centuries before will not adapt and evolve to these needs and thus may become constrictive to generations requiring decision not explicitly contained within the document. An example of a constitutional principle that illustrates this immovable nature of entrenched constitutions is the Basic Law of Germany where any proposed changes to articles, one and twenty are inadmissible. Thus it is both theoretically and practically impossible for any changes to be made to these two articles that ensure Germanys Federal system and outline basic human rights of the German citizens. This explicit entrenchment although may be critiqued due to its cemented nature has to be taken in the context of the specific state to evaluate whether this ultimate entrenchment is justified. The German constitution was formed following the defeat of Hitlers fascism throughout Europe. Following this time of great instability it was agreed that the principle of decentralised administrative and governmental authority, (Wolf- Phillips, 1968:24) should be the key principle of any future German political system. This entrenched federalism was designed to stop future authoritarian governme nts taking power as power would now be distributed throughout the state. In this case the entrenchment of certain clauses within a constitution may be Justified due to the individual provenance of a state thus possibly undermining the critique that cementing certain clauses prevents organic evolution of a states political system. Instead entrenchment aids in protecting and guaranteeing certain standards government and society and thus ensuring if not political development, political stability. Although the above example highlights an instance where entrenchment of certain clauses may be beneficial in maintaining stability of government, not all clauses seem as rational to be entrenched as the ones described above. A Constitution that may be critiqued for its apparent outdated nature due to its arguably over entrenchment is the United States Constitution. The second article amending the Constitution affirms citizens rights to keep and bear arms (Wolf- Philips, 1968:213). This example highlights the exact problem with having a too entrenched constitution. When this specific article of the constitution was framed into law in 1791, the need for the individual to protect themselves against attack from others or indeed an over powerful state was no doubt a legitimate reason to allow for citizens to carry firearms. However, many would argue that this article is outdated and also irrational not least due to Americas stature as proprietor of modern day democratic values. Although in theory this article could be changed through a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress and approval by three-quarters of the states (Hague, 2007: 263), this type of amendment is very unlikely to take place however due to the separated American political system with three branches of government, often of different ideological stances vowing for influence cou pled with notoriously weak party allegiances making the legislative process very inefficient. In this case a too entrenched document can be seen as protecting irrational out of date clauses thus weakening the argument for entrenched constitutions. On the other hand however this feature of entrenched constitutions as housing outdated yet immovable clauses can be seen as a great strength in ensuring law abides to civil rights of individuals. For example the first 12 amendments to be made to the Constitution of the United States are known as the Bill of Rights, these amendments guarantee freedoms and explicit rights of all Citizens of the Union (Mckeever, 1999: 46). A constitution containing explicit rights to citizens entrenched in the same way as the US Constitution ensure that it would be virtually impossible to neglect these rights in any laws proposed by government. This entrenchment of rights within a constitution may be particularly useful in states with very diverse populations where the rights of many different groups need to be protected both from government and others by an entrenched constitution outlining protection of minorities. Flexible Constitutions however often lack this explicit definition of human rights. Britain lacks a bill of rights, (Norton, 1982: 245) thus in theory, parliament has the legal ability to sacrifice rights of citizens due to the lack of an entrenched document protecting liberty of citizens. Therefore for many human rights activist groups an entrenched bill of rights is paramount to any modern state to outline citizens basic rights and to limit government power over the individual, thus strengthening the argument for more entrenched constitutions. Another potential strength of entrenched constitutions is their ability to be interpreted and thus viewed in a more flexible light. This occurs through processed carried out by Supreme and Constitutional courts. For example the Supreme Court in the USA makes decision based upon the interpretation of the constitution in modern day circumstance. This process to some extent can provide a constitution that although may have been framed centuries earlier, relevance to modern day circumstance through interpretation. This interpretation allows a historic document to act as a relevant legal framework with application to modern society. Within American political institutions the Supreme court is the final arbiter of the meaning of the Constitution (McKay, 2005:281), this strengthens the concept of an entrenched constitution as ultimately the constitution, although entrenched still allows flexibility and relevance through open interpretation by a supreme law interpreting body. (McKay, 2005:51) The British Constitution is largely regarded as one of the most flexible or least entrenched constitutions largely due to its uncodified nature. The British Constitution requires no special amendment procedure and can be altered by any piece of statute law. This has led the British constitution to be labelled as a living organism of perpetual growth and change (Norton, 1982:23). This fluid nature allows the constitution to grow and react to changes in society which allows the constitution to directly combat short term problems that may face the state. An example this organic nature can be derived from legislative procedure following the London terrorist bombings in July 2005. Here members of parliament voted to extend the detention of terror suspects to 28 days. This action in many states with entrenched constitutions would have been in opposition to principles set within the Bill of Rights. For example the USA Constitution stipulates that No person shall be held to answer for a capital and be informed of the nature and cause of their accusation. (Finer, 1995: 117). Thus any changes that are to be made to detention time without charge in the USA would be subject to great scrutiny to assess whether any increase is accepted within the nature of the constitution. Here we can see one of the possible weaknesses of an entrenched constitution in reacting to new threats as cases where supposed terror suspects may need to be held for longer gaining protection from a constitution failing to evolve to meet modern day threats, thus providing potential strength for a less entrenched and more reactionary constitution. Despite this ability for less entrenched constitutions to react to short term issues within society, many defenders of more entrenched documents see the ability to place civil liberties under threat so easily through a simple change in ordinary legislation as a terminal flaw of flexible easily modified constitutions. The stability and uniform nature of age old, entrenched documents has the same effect on law and society that is not too be too reactionary and volatile. Many groups have critiqued the 28 day detention without charge holding period as fundamentally against individuals civil liberties but have little formal ways to attack such policies due to the none entrenchment of civil liberties within the constitution. Overall we can see that both Entrenched and more flexible constitutions have strengths and weaknesses. Entrenched constitutions can become outdated and restrictive on dealing with current issues through a difficult amendment procedure. However, their entrenchment can provide a state with stability which is especially useful after revolution or war. Entrenched Constitutions have the benefit of protecting the explicit right of citizens within a Bill of Rights. On the other hand a more flexible constitution can evolve and grow as society changes around it. This helps politicians to not feel constrained to deal with current issues that face society. Despite this a flexible constitution may be reactionary and dangerous if not employed in the right type of system resulting in the possible abuse of civil liberties for short term reactionary policies. Here it is arguable that the type of Constitution a state employs largely depends on the circumstances within that individual sate. For example it is easy to see that post World War Two Germany required an entrenched constitution which guaranteed the separation of powers and human rights for citizens. On the other hand however Britain has arguably been a great promoter of democratic values where a more flexible constitution is seen as a virtue through the ability to change and amend the direction of the state without the need for ultimate written entrenchment. In conclusion it will be offered that although a state should always have some written and entrenched articles largely relating to the human rights of citizens, constitutional formulation should always based upon individual circumstance that dictates the extent a constitution should be entrenched. In an entrenched constitution however it must always be the case that a supreme court is present to interpret the Constitution for application to individual cases to keep the constitution relevant and living in modern society. References Finer S E, Bogdanor Vernon, Rudden Bernard (1995), Comparing Constitutions, New York: Oxford University press. Hague Rod, Harrop Martin (1982) seventh edition (2007), Comparative Government and Politics: An Introduction, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. McKay David (1983), Sixth edition (2005), American Politics and Society, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. McKeever Robert, Zvesper John, Maidment Richard (1999), Politics USA, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Norton Philip (1982), The Constitution in Flux, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Phillips-Wolf Leslie (1968), Constitutions of Modern States, London: Pall Mall Press. Phillips-Wolf Leslie (1972), Studies in Comparative Politics: Comparative Constitutions, London: Government and Opposition. Bibliography Finer S E, Bogdanor Vernon, Rudden Bernard (1995), Comparing Constitutions, New York: Oxford University press. Garner, Robert. Ferdinand Peter. Lawson Stephanie (2009), Introduction to Politics, New York: Oxford University press. Hague Rod, Harrop Martin (1982) seventh edition (2007), Comparative Government and Politics: An Introduction, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. King Anthony (2007), The British Constitution, New York: Oxford University Press. McKay David (1983), Sixth edition (2005), American Politics and Society, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. McKeever Robert, Zvesper John, Maidment Richard (1999), Politics USA, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Mount Ferdinand (1993), The British Constitution Now: Recovery or Decline, London: Mandarin Paperbacks. Norton Philip (1982), The Constitution in Flux, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Phillips-Wolf Leslie (1968), Constitutions of Modern States, London: Pall Mall Press. Phillips-Wolf Leslie (1972), Studies in Comparative Politics: Comparative Constitutions, London: Government and Opposition. Sunstein Cass (2001), Designing Democracy: What Constitutions Do, New York: Oxford University Press.

Sight And Blindess Of Oedipus The King Essay -- Sophocles Oedipus

Oedipus the King by Sophocles was a play written after a devastating plague struck the city of Athens in 430 B.C. The play is about how knowledge can lead to devastation and destruction based on how the characters find out the truth of the Delphic Oracle. Years before Oedipus became the king of Thebes, the previous king, Laius, had received a prophecy that his son would grow up to kill his father. With this information he gave his baby son to a sheperd to dispose of him. Years later Laius is murdered and the Sphinx emerges and locks down the city by refusing to let anybody enter or leave the city unless they can solve her riddle. The city is essentially under siege. But nobody knows the answer to her riddle. "What goes on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three at night?" Everybody who tries to answer the riddle is killed by the Sphinx until one day a stranger comes upon the city. The Sphinx asks him the riddle and he simply replies, "Man." The stranger solves the riddle a nd the Sphinx throws herself to her death. The city opens up to him, he marries the widowed queen, becomes king of Thebes, and unwillingly begins to fulfill most of the prophecy. What is the meaning of sight and blindness for an understanding of Oedipus the King? But the reason Oedipus, who is the prince of Corinth, has come to Thebes, is to escape an oracle of his own. Before coming to Thebes he went to seek the Delphic Oracle to ask if Polybus and Merope were his natural parents. The Delphic Oracle replied: "You are fated to couple with your mother, you will bring a breed of children into the light that no man can bear to see Ââ€" you will kill your father, the one who gave you life!" With that information, Oedipus fled Corinth to run away ... ...im. Oedipus just continually wanted to have more knowledge and asks more questions to gain wisdom and it eventually becomes his downfall. Knowing the future may destroy a man; and it ruins the lives of two men in this story. Oedipus was blind to see the truth; he was also blinded by the prophecies. He ran away from home, killed his father, married his mother and has children with her. "But Oedipus' play does not end with these lyrics; he gradually gains a new strength and new understanding" (Segal 133). And the true meaning of this story is, ignorance is bliss. Works Cited Knox, Bernard M.W. Oedipus at Thebes. New Haven: Yale UP. 1957. Rpt. In Oedipus Tyranmus. Ed. Lucy Berkowizs and Thedore F. Brunner. New York: Norton, 1970. 148-165 Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyranmus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. 2nd. Ed. New Yourk: Oxford UP, 2001.

Eth 125 Final Project

ETH/125 Final Project Diversity in America History has never been one of my favorite subjects; however this class has sparked a new interest in me in regards to my culture and how that culture came to be. This Cultural Diversity course has made me pay more attention to the people around me. I think this awareness has helped me relate to and also understand people in a way that I never have before. The one thing that totally surprised me was finding out that white privilege was something real. I thought that this was an ill feeling and belief that mostly Black people had in regards to the White race.White people, in my mind, had it all; they had certain advantages simply because they were White. The White Privilege section in Chapter 13 of Racial Ethnic Groups states a few of those advantages. I knew that being considered financially reliable, having the ability of articulation, and seeing people of the same race being represented in popular media were common advantages of the White r ace. Consequently, I thought they saw themselves as privileged and were proud about it. The information from this course that will be the most memorable is that, in general, the people from the White race do not see themselves as have any ethnicity.They feel as though they have been separated from their European roots; they are simply Caucasian. They are also victims of reverse discrimination; I almost laughed the first time I read this in the text. Now, I know that this is a laughing matter. I have seen evidence of this in my life. I asked 50 of my neighbors a yes or no question. This question was: â€Å"Do you believe that most Black people would label a random White person they see on the street as a racist? † Out of the 50 people, of evenly varied ethnicities, 41 of them replied with a yes.These results are a relevant example of how much diversity affects the person, currently and throughout history. Something New With my mother being Black and my father being Puerto Rica n, I have always been curious about my cultural roots; however, they both passed away when I was very young, so I never had the chance to inquire about my Hispanic side. One of things that I learned from this course was that there are about 4. 4 million Puerto Ricans here in the United States; I never could have imagined that number being so great in value.Another surprising fact I learned was that between the years of 1990 and 2009, the population of Puerto Ricans in New York fell by more than 100,000. U. S. Population in Year 2050 Let’s take a break on the present and think about the future of the United States. With all of the immigrants relocating here daily, along with the increasing amounts of interracial marriage, it should come to no surprise that by the year 2050 the Whites will no longer be the majority race. The Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American portion of the population is estimated to rise from 36 percent to 54 percent.This nation is comparable to a sup er-magnet; America attracts people from all over the world. The population is expected to rise 100 million by the year 2050, but this number all depends on the amount of immigration. Estimates of the United States population around the year 2050 vary from the U. N. ’s 404 million to the U. S. Census Bureau’s 422 to 458 million. U. S. + Diversity = Challenges The challenges that the United States have faced and overcome are a small reflection of the future challenges that America will have in the future.There will be challenges based around race, equality/inequality, and energy in the future. My great-grandmother said, â€Å"There is nothing new under the sun. Some days are just a shade darker or brighter in some people’s eyes. † I also believe that illegal immigration will become more of a problem in the future because of the direct relation that it has to the American population. The more people who come illegally, has a direct relation to certain increa ses in crime for most major cities.This is because they are not able to work in America legally; they have to get their money somehow, and illegal crimes is the most common choice of immigrants who come here illegally. Benefits of a Diverse Society Benefits of a diverse society help in every aspect of our individual lives and in our lives as a whole. People of different cultures offer different views in many areas. These benefits enrich our lives and the acceptance of those benefits is enriching to the immigrants’ lives. The different seasonings at your local supermarket are a very small example of this country’s diversity.People bring their cultures with them; those cultures, beliefs, and ways of living are new to us and many have been adapted and frequently used by the American people in their everyday lives. For example, acupuncture originally was used solely by the Chinese/Oriental people, but there are currently hundreds of thousands of people in America that eith er use, or practice acupuncture. Climate of Acceptance and Cultural Pluralism The question was posed, â€Å"How can we foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the U. S. My very simple answer is by treating others the way that you would want to be treated by others. Compared to when my mother was a teenager, the level of â€Å"rudeness† is more than topped the charts. It seems like the everyday, normal â€Å"Joe† and â€Å"Jane† are always in a rut or exhibiting anger in some form. I believe this is a reaction what goes on their lives, like the people they interact with. So if the current reaction is different from past reactions, in a way it could be tied to their understanding of the people around them.Diversity is very scary for some; those people feel this way because of some personal fear or cultural fear that has been passed down to them. The way to overcome this fear, is to prove this fear wrong. If I fear white people because I think the y will look down on me, then I should be around them more to find out if that is true for every person of that race. Since that is not likely, it will prove that not every person of every race is that specific way. This is how we become more pluralistic. Meet more people of different races and ethnicities and your life will become more enriched.A Change for Pluralism Pluralism is the term used for when people of all racial and ethnic groups have equal overall standings in their social lives; furthermore, the different identity groups coexist, but they also maintain their own distinctive cultures. As of yet, the United States has not achieved social pluralism, but if we all put forth our best efforts to change some of our behaviors, we could more than possibly achieve this incredible goal. Personally, the first behavioral change that I would make would be to avoid telling, listening, and participating in ethnic-based jokes.I believe that people sometimes do not realize how hurtful th ose â€Å"LOL’s† can be. Reading books/magazines and watching plays and movies about various groups not of your own can better acquaint and prepare you for face to face interactions. The most exciting change that I will make is learning about the various cultures, along with their beliefs, and traditions. Embracing and experiencing at least some part of another group’s ways, helps to close the gap between cultures and brings our society a little closer to being pluralistic.This world is ours to make wonderful. Diversity is something that will enrich our lives, but has hindered our progress as a whole in the past. Pluralism is the next step in progression for the human race. Embrace your neighbor and all of their differences. References American Multicultural Publications, 2007-2012, Cultural diversity, www. diversity-books. com Wikipedia, September 2012, cultural pluralism, http://wikipedia. org Wendy Baldwin, November 2012, Population Reference Bureau, www. prb . org John J. Macionis, 2011-2012, Social Problems, Pearson

Comparable Worth Compared to Equal Pay

Comparable Worth Compared to Equal Pay Comparable worth is shorthand for equal pay for work of equal value or equal pay for work of comparable worth. The doctrine of comparable worth is an attempt to remedy the inequities of pay which result from a long history of sex-segregated jobs and different pay scales for female and male jobs. Market rates, in this view, reflect past discriminatory practices, and cannot be the only basis of deciding current pay equity. Comparable worth looks at the skills and responsibilities of different jobs and attempts to correlate compensation to those skills and responsibilities. Comparable worth systems seek to fairly compensate jobs held primarily by women or by men more equitably by comparing the educational and skill requirements, task activities, and responsibility in different jobs, and attempting to compensate each job in relation to such factors rather than by the traditional pay history of the jobs. Equal Pay vs. Comparable Worth The Equal Pay Act of 1973  and many court decisions on pay equity revolve around the requirement that  the work being compared be equal work.  This approach to equity assumes that there are men and women in the job category and that they should not be paid differently for doing the same work. What happens when jobs are distributed differently, where there are different jobs, some held traditionally by mostly men and some held traditionally by mostly women?  How does equal pay for equal work apply? The effect of the ghettos of male and female jobs is that often, the male jobs were traditionally compensated more highly in part because they were held by men, and the female jobs were compensated less well in part because they were held by women. The comparable value approach then moves to looking at the work itself: What skills are required? How much training and education? What level of responsibility is involved? Example Traditionally, the job of a licensed practical nurse has been held mostly by women, and the job of a licensed electrician mostly by men.  If the skills and responsibilities and required training levels are found to be relatively equal, then a compensation system involving both jobs would adjust compensation to bring the LPNs pay into line with the electricians pay. A common example in a large organization, like state employees, might be outdoor lawn maintenance compared to nursery school aides.  The former has traditionally been done more by men and the latter by women.  The level of responsibility and education required is higher for the nursery school aides, and lifting small children may be similar to lifting requirements for those maintaining the lawn who lift bags of soil and other materials. Yet traditionally, the nursery school aides were paid less than the lawn maintenance crew, probably because of the historical connections of the jobs with men (once assumed to be breadwinners) and women (once assumed to be earning pin money).  Is the responsibility for a lawn of more value than the responsibility for the education and welfare of small children? The Effect of Comparable Worth Adjustments By using more objective standards applied to otherwise-different jobs, the effect is usually to increase pay to the jobs where women dominate in numbers. Often, the effect is also to equalize pay across racial lines as well, where jobs had been distributed differently by race. In most actual implementations of comparable worth, the pay of the lower-paid group is adjusted upwards, and the pay of the higher-paid group is allowed to grow more slowly than it would have without the comparable worth system in place.  It is not common practice in such implementations for the higher-paid group to have their wages or salaries cut from current levels. Where Comparable Worth Is Used Most comparable worth agreements have been the result of labor union negotiations or other agreements  and are more likely to be in the public sector than the private sector. The approach lends itself better to large organizations, whether public or private and has little effect on such jobs as domestic workers, where few people work in each workplace. The union AFSCME (American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees) has been particularly active in winning comparable worth agreements. Opponents of comparable worth generally argue for the difficulty of judging true worth of a job, and for allowing the market forces to balance a variety of social values. Bibliography Linda M. Blum. Between Feminism and Labor: The Significance of the Comparable Worth Movement. 1991.Sara M. Evans, Barbara N. Nelson. Wage Justice: Comparable Worth and the Paradox of Technocratic Reform. 1989, 1991.Joan Acker. Doing Comparable Worth: Gender, Class, and Pay Equity. 1989, 1991.Helen Remick. Comparable Worth and Wage Discrimination. 1984, 1985.

Organisational factors Essay Example

Organisational factors Essay Example Organisational factors Essay Organisational factors Essay Purpose: To study and find out the organisational factors which play a significant role in the successful implementation of ERP and finally find out the relation between the factors which helps us in narrow down the factors so that we can get the most influenced factor to concentrate upon. It’s quite difficult for the company to take care of all the factors, so our next aim to find the major factor(s) which have more criticality over the others. Methods: During research project we collected the data from Primary and Secondary source.We prepared around 16 questions and get them answered from the employees and managers of the company who are currently using ERP. Apart from it we interviewed some top management level people for the detailed knowledge and its importance. Findings: After getting the results we found that we can group these factors into three groups according to the impact over the other. Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are adopted by many or ganisations to meet various challenges of information flow and competition. ERP systems help to make the key business processes to be automated and integrated in an organization.ERP systems help in timely flow of the information which can help in making efficient strategic decisions. Following pattern is followed, the related literature is reviewed. Then, hypothesis and objective is presented followed by research methodology used for study. Next, observation, findings and analysis are discussed. Finally, conclusion and suggestions are given. Literature Review 2. 1 ERP implementation success Several factors may affect ERP implementation in organizations. These factors include, lack of top management support (Supramaniam and Kuppusamy, 2011; Shah et al. , 2011; Finney and Corbett, 2007; Bhatti, 2005; Wong et al. 2005), business requirement gap (Shah et al. , 2011; Wong et al. , 2005), user involvement (Francoise et al. , 2009; Rasmy et al. , 2005) and vendor support (Al-Mashari et al. , 2006; Thavapragasam, 2003), communication and co-ordination which may cause ERP implementation failure. ERP systems always require changes in work flows which need organizational alignment which requires top management support. Top management commitment and support is noted as a critical factor which has a positive effect (i. e. positively related) on the success of ERP implementation success (Rasmy et al. 2005; Supramaniam and Kuppusamy, 2011, Shanks and Light, 1999; Shah et al. , 2011). Finney and Corbett (2007) also stated that top management support has the 1st most critical success factors regarding ERP success in his research. 2. 2 Organisational factors influencing successful ERP implementation Determining factors that are positioned behind a successful ERP system implementation has been a key research question in previous research. Implementation of an ERP system is a complex process including a great many factors and conditions which can potentially influence successful mplementation. These factors might have a positive effect on the ERP implementation project outcome, whereas the lack of these conditions could create trouble through ERP implementation. Many researchers have recognized that there are many factors that could be critical to the successful implementation of ERP. For example, [36] Somers and Nelson (2004) recognized that there are 22 critical success factors including Top management support, Education on new business processes, User training on software, On the hand, [1] Al-Mashari et al. 2003) found out that thre are 12 critical ERP factors such as ERP selection, project management, training and education, business process management, cultural and structural change management while [39] Umble et al. (2003) divided the factors into 10 categories including Commitment by top management, Clear understanding of strategic goals, Excellent implementation project management, Great implementation team, Successfully coping with technical issues , Organizational commitment to change, Data accuracy, Extensive education and training, Focused performance measures, and Multi-site issues resolved.Based on [12] Dezdar and Sulaimans (2009) work the factors can be grouped into 17 categories which subsequently can be re-organized into three main categories; organizational, project and system. [53] Dezdar (2010) found organizational factors to be quite instrumental in determining the ERP implementation success. This research focus on the following aspects of the organizational factors, i. e. Top management support, Organizational size , cooperation and coordination ,ERP training and education, and role of business vision and mission . These factors are discussed in detail in the following paragraphs. . 2. 1 Top management Top management support, has been emphasized, as a crucial factor in successful ERP implementation by many ([1] Al-Mashari et al. , 2003; [39] Umble et al. , 2003; [47] Zhang et al. , 2005). [29] Ngai et al. (2008), discussed that top management support, plays a significant role in the ERP implementation success because ERP are normally done on a large-scale and require extensive resources. Top management support has two major aspects or factors in ERP implementation projects: providing the necessary resources and providing leadership.Even the survey done for this project has shown the same results that management plays a very critical role in successful ERP implementation. 2. 2. 2 Training and education As mentioned earlier ERP is a complex system thus adequate training and education must be provided so that the users to use them effectively and efficiently ([8] Correa and Cruz, 2005; [47] Zhang et al. , 2005; [3] Bradley, 2008) and with ease. Training and education would enhance the users level of knowledge, understanding and efficiency, thus increasing individual performance and subsequently organizational performance. [27] Nah et al. 2003) stated that sufficient training can increase the pr obability of success of ERP system implementation, while inappropriate or no training can hinder its success greatly. Adequate training and education may also help the organization to build positive feelings towards the system. More important it may help ERP users to adjust to the organizational change-taking place with the implementation of the system. In addition, training increases ease of use, user acceptance and reduces user resistance, which, in turn, enhances the likelihood of ERP systems use and success ([3] Bradley, 2008). 2. 2. 3 Business mission:In order to successfully run a business, an entrepreneur needs a clear vision as to where the business is going. In other words, a business needs to know what its purpose is and where it is going. A mission statement is the perfect tool to develop in order to define a new businesss purpose, activities, and values . A mission statement should act as a lighthouse. If a company loses track of itself, it will be able to look back on t heir mission statement and be reminded of their overall purpose. In general, a mission statement should inform your workers and customers what the business is all about and where it is headed.A mission statement helps p a business to create a culture that is integrated with its overall purpose For purposes of this study, two notions, i. e. organizational mission and goals from the strategic management literature, are used to describe business vision. That said, many organizations in fact adopt ERP to meet their organizational objectives (business vision) ([8], [9] Davenport, 1998, 2000; [5] Bingi et al. , 1999). Sadly, it has been observed so far that many organizations fail to articulate their IT implementation strategy vis-a-vis overall business vision ([24] Keen, 1993; [10] Deloitte Consulting, 2000 According to [9]Davenport (2000), companies with a desire to implement ERP must be clear about their strategic intent before going for such an exercise. He quotes: In the same categor y of things that need to be settled beforehand if youre going to get value from an [ERP] is the notion of strategic clarity certainty as to what business the company is in [ ] ([9] Davenport, 2000, p. 47). 2. 2. 4 Organisation Size The journal â€Å"The impact of organization size on enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations in the US manufacturing sector† clearly states that organisation’s size plays a very important role in successful ERP implementation.The greater the size more the need to use standardized ERP for proper information flow. In the research done, it has been found out the organizations having branches ;gt;10 are implementing ERP package. 2. 2. 5 Employee resistance The research document â€Å"Resistance to change and ERP implementation success: the moderating role of change management initiative†. It clearly states that employee resistance plays a very important role in success of ERP. Even the research conducted stated the same result s. 2. 2. 6 Standardization of single packageThe research document â€Å"Understanding the Impact of ERP Standardization on Business Process Performance† states that standardization on a single ERP package contribute greatly in success of ERP implementation. Even the study conducted also showed the same results. 2. 2. 7 Connectivity across different companies The research document â€Å"Issues in multinational ERP implementation† try to state that connectivity across the organization play significant role in ERP implementation. This research carried out even stated the same results. 2. 2. 8 Range of branches: ERP implementation is beneficial when the organisations have wide range of branches.Various studies has been conducted which tried to state that only companies which has wide range of branches usually go for ERP implementation as it has more benefits in terms of information flow and resource allocation. Research Objective: â€Å"Our objective is to find out that o rganisational factors play a significant role in successful ERP implementation. † The relationship between each factor and the success of the ERP implementation is analysed in this research. The research analyses the data and information taken from various companies. Hypothesis: Null Hypothesis (H0):Organisational factors does not play significant role in successful ERP implementation. Alternate Hypothesis (Ha): Organisational factors play significant role in successful ERP implementation. Methodology: The methodology which we used in finding the survey data is from Primary and Secondary source both. We first examine the existing literature on critical success factors of ERP implementation (Secondary Data) and then assess the company perception on the criticality of these factors (Primary Data). The questionnaires were distributed to selected managers and employees of companies adopting ERP systems.We also gathered some data by taking interview of the Top management of some pr estigious company. This approach helps us in finding out various factors from practical scenario which really helps in the success of the ERP implementation. Few companies from where we gather the data are:– TCS, Ford, LnT, Renault, Daimler, Microsoft, Motherson Sumi Systems, John deer, Tyco, NCR Co. India Pvt. Ltd. , Yamaha motors Pvt. Ltd. , Infosys, and some experienced and knowledgably faculties of prestigious B-Schools e. g. IMT Hyderabad. Later we find the criticality of every factor by: Factor Analysis and Regression.We took 100 samples but only 54 relevant responses were found out. Number of sample questions in each survey are 16, some questions are objective type which can be answered on the likert scale and some are descriptive type because we are interviewing or gathering the data from the top management and employees of the company about the major factors and their importance. Therefore, we presented the mixed types of questions. While doing the project we come ac ross few limitations of the research: Firstly, the ERP implementation success dimensions were measured using subjective and perceptual measures.This was due to the difficulty in securing the related factual data from the participating organizations. Secondly, there can be some biasness in giving the data, as the companies who are currently in use of ERP and spend so much will give the biased information. The questionnaire is attached in annexure with all the responses from the industry i. e. primary source. Results: Linear  Regression  Results| The  REG  Procedure Model:  Linear_Regression_Model Dependent  Variable:  Success  in  implementation(Benefi  Success  in  implementation(Benefit  perception+Increase  in  satisfaction  level)| | Number of Observations Read| 52|Number of Observations Used| 52| | Analysis of Variance| Source| DF| Sum of Squares| Mean Square| F Value| Pr  ;gt;  F| Model| 8| 44. 19446| 5. 52431| 6. 46| ;lt;. 0001| Corrected To tal| 51| 80. 98077|   |   |   | Error| 43| 36. 78631| 0. 85550|   |   | | Root MSE| 0. 92493| R-Square| 0. 5457| Dependent Mean| 5. 51923| Adj R-Sq| 0. 4612| CoeffVar| 16. 75831|   |   | | - - - Note:  Model  is  not  full  rank. Least-squares  solutions  for  the  parameters  are  not  unique.Some  statistics  will  be  misleading. A  reported  DF  of  0  or  B  means  that  the  estimate  is  biased. | - Note:  The  following  parameters  have  been  set  to  0,  since  the  variables  are  a  linear  combination  of  other  variables  as  shown. | Top Management Influence =| 4 * Intercept| | | | Parameter Estimates| Variable| Label| DF| Parameter Estimate| Standard Error| t  Value| Pr  gt;  |t|| Intercept| Intercept| B| 3. 28844| 1. 89106| 1. 74| 0. 0892| Standardization of Single Packag| Standardization of Single Package| 1| 0. 10219| 0. 08832| 1. 16| 0. 537| Top M anagement Influence|   | 0| 0| . | . | . | Connectivity across different co| Connectivity across different companies| 1| 0. 19473| 0. 08456| 2. 30| 0. 0262| Organizational Size|   | 1| -0. 23147| 0. 19982| -1. 16| 0. 2531| Range of branches|   | 1| 0. 29018| 0. 11756| 2. 47| 0. 0176| Less degree of employee resistan| Less degree of employee resistance| 1| -0. 22751| 0. 17244| -1. 32| 0. 1940| Coperation and Cordination|   | 1| 0. 65358| 0. 24454| 2. 67| 0. 0106| Role of Business mission and vis| Role of Business mission and vision| 1| -0. 38776| 0. 23768| -1. 63| 0. 101| Training and Development|   | 1| 0. 35042| 0. 19639| 1. 78| 0. 0814| | Correlation of Estimates| Variable| Label| Intercept| Standardization of Single Packag| Connectivity across different co| Organizational Size| Range of branches| Less degree of employee resistan| Coperation and Cordination| Role of Business mission and vis| Training and Development| Intercept| Intercept| 1. 0000| -0. 2150| -0. 3886| -0. 7468| 0. 2264| -0. 4380| -0. 4969| -0. 5696| -0. 4536| Standardization of Single Packag| Standardization of Single Package| -0. 2150| 1. 0000| 0. 2258| 0. 1309| 0. 0552| 0. 0616| -0. 1327| 0. 2571| -0. 917| Connectivity across different co| Connectivity across different companies| -0. 3886| 0. 2258| 1. 0000| 0. 2307| 0. 1232| 0. 4621| -0. 0188| -0. 0187| 0. 3353| Organizational Size|   | -0. 7468| 0. 1309| 0. 2307| 1. 0000| -0. 1477| 0. 0832| 0. 3870| 0. 1966| 0. 2829| Range of branches|   | 0. 2264| 0. 0552| 0. 1232| -0. 1477| 1. 0000| -0. 1528| -0. 1183| -0. 4683| -0. 2168| Less degree of employee resistan| Less degree of employee resistance| -0. 4380| 0. 0616| 0. 4621| 0. 0832| -0. 1528| 1. 0000| -0. 0598| 0. 3169| 0. 3236| Coperation and Cordination|   | -0. 4969| -0. 1327| -0. 0188| 0. 3870| -0. 183| -0. 0598| 1. 0000| 0. 0296| -0. 1252| Role of Business mission and vis| Role of Business mission and vision| -0. 5696| 0. 2571| -0. 0187| 0. 1966| -0. 4683| 0. 3169| 0. 0296 | 1. 0000| 0. 0922| Training and Development|   | -0. 4536| -0. 1917| 0. 3353| 0. 2829| -0. 2168| 0. 3236| -0. 1252| 0. 0922| 1. 0000| | | Factor  Analysis  Results| The  FACTOR  Procedure| | Input Data Type| Raw Data| Number of Records Read| 52| Number of Records Used| 52| N for Significance Tests| 52| | | Generated  by  the  SAS  System  (Local,  W32_VSHOME)  on  February  24,  2013  at  7:27:27  PM| | | Factor  Analysis  Results| The  FACTOR  ProcedureInitial  Factor  Method:  Principal  Components Prior  Communality  Estimates:  ONE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | | Eigenvalues of the Correlation Matrix: Total = 8 Average = 0. 88888889| | Eigenvalue| Difference| Proportion| Cumulative| 1| 2. 11694553| 0. 24953625| 0. 2646| 0. 2646| 2| 1. 86740928| 0. 50755333| 0. 2334| 0. 4980| 3| 1. 35985595| 0. 49497679| 0. 1700| 0. 6680| 4| 0. 86487917| 0. 32219842| 0. 1081| 0. 7761| 5| 0. 54268075| 0. 02774770| 0. 0678| 0. 8440| 6| 0. 51493305| 0. 0 7920770| 0. 0644| 0. 9083| 7| 0. 43572535| 0. 13815443| 0. 0545| 0. 9628| 8| 0. 29757092| 0. 29757092| 0. 0372| 1. 0000| 9| 0. 00000000|   | 0. 0000| 1. 0000| 3  factors  will  be  retained  by  the  MINEIGEN  criterion| Factor  Pattern| |   | Factor1| Factor2| Factor3| Standardization of Single Packag| Standardization of Single Package| 0. 69014| -0. 26162| -0. 23207| Top Management Influence|   | 0. 00000| 0. 00000| 0. 00000| Connectivity across different co| Connectivity across different companies| -0. 49203| 0. 54147| -0. 48463| Organizational Size|   | -0. 55073| -0. 48025| 0. 33725| Range of branches|   | 0. 20013| 0. 34213| 0. 80756| Less degree of employee resistan| Less degree of employee resistance| 0. 17237| -0. 68893| 0. 30760| Coperation and Cordination|   | 0. 7166| 0. 28393| -0. 13602| Role of Business mission and vis| Role of Business mission and vision| -0. 17059| 0. 74207| 0. 43129| Training and Development|   | 0. 73842| 0. 22839| 0 . 07819| | Variance Explained by Each Factor| Factor1| Factor2| Factor3| 2. 1169455| 1. 8674093| 1. 3598560| | Final Communality Estimates: Total = 5. 344211| Standardization of Single Packag| Top Management Influence| Connectivity across different co| Organizational Size| Range of branches| Less degree of employee resistan| Coperation and Cordination| Role of Business mission and vis| Training and Development| 0. 59859241| 0. 0000000| 0. 77015031| 0. 64768308| 0. 80925749| 0. 59896039| 0. 55025088| 0. 76578116| 0. 60353504| | | Generated  by  the  SAS  System  (Local,  W32_VSHOME)  on  February  24,  2013  at  7:27:27  PM| | | | | | | Findings: * The Regression equation is as follows: Success in Implementation = 3. 28844 + 0. 10219 * (Standardization of single package) + 0. 19473 * (Connectivity across different companies) 0. 23147 * (Organizational Size) + 0. 29018 * (Range of Branches) 0. 22751 * (less degree of employee resistance) + 0. 65358 * (Coope ration and Coordination) 0. 38776 * (Role of Business vision and Mission) 0. 35042 * (Training and Development) * R Square Value = 0. 5457 * Significance: 1. Corporation and Coordination, range of branches and connectivity across different companies has t-value ;gt; 2. 2. Standardization of single package and Training ;amp; Development have positive t-values but less than 2. 3. Organizational Size, Less Degree of Employee Resistance and Role of Business Mission and Vision have negative t-value. * In Factor Analysis, the organisational factors as 9 independent variables can be grouped into 3 factors: * Factor1 (Infrastructural and Structural factor)Standardization of single Package Organisational Size Cooperation and Coordination Training and Development * Factor2 (Organizational cultural factor) Connectivity across different companies Less degree of Employee resistance Role of Business Vision and Mission * Factor3 (Size factor) Range of Branches Discussion: Following is the interpr etation from the regression results: * The Organizational factors that have t-value greater than 2 will have significant positive impact on the successful implementation of ERP. These factors are: 1. Connectivity across different companiesFor the Organization to implement ERP successfully it should develop and maintain proper and high connectivity across different companies. 2. Range of Branches The organization which has large range of branches is more likely to be successful in ERP implementation. 3. Co-operation and Co-ordination There must be good cooperation and coordination among the employees working in the organisation as it is very crucial factor for the success of ERP * The Organizational factors that has positive t-value less than 2 will have positive impact on the successful implementation of ERP but not very significant. These factors are: . Standardization of single package All the different functional areas of company like HR, Finance, Marketing, and Sales and distrib ution should be standardize on single ERP package for successful implementation. 2. Training and Development The employees of the company should be given proper training on ERP modules for it to be successful in future. * The Organizational factors that have negative t-value will have negative impact on the successful implementation of ERP. These factors are: 1. Organisational Size If the organization size is small the ERP can be implemented quickly as compared to large. 2.Less Degree of Employee Resistance From our results, we found that the Less Degree of Employee Resistance factor will not contribute more for the successful ERP implementation. 3. Business Vision and Mission From our results, we found that the Business Vision and Mission factor will not contribute more for the successful ERP implementation. * Top Management influence is present everywhere the ERP was implemented. This shows that it is the most critical factor for the successful implementation of ERP. The R square value â€Å"0. 5457† shows that these independent variables are covering about 54% of variation in the output i. . , successful implementation of ERP. When we run the factor analysis we were able to group these 9 independent variables into three factors and these factors contributed about 66% of deviation. 1. The first factor which is the most important factor is having the independent variables as follows: * Standardization of single Package * Organisational Size * Cooperation and Coordination * Training and Development These independent variables show the common element of infrastructure and working structure of the organization. So, the first factor is named as Infrastructural and Structural factor. . The second factor which is the next crucial factor is having the independent variables as follows: * Connectivity across different companies * Less degree of Employee resistance * Role of Business Vision and Mission These independent variables show the common element of organ izational culture. So, the second factor is named as Organizational cultural factor. 3. The third factor is the next crucial factor having only one independent variable as: * Range of Branches This independent variable has the element as size of the organization. So, this factor is named as Size factor.From the correlation matrix we found high correlation among the independent variables that are in the same factor group which confirms our parity of results. Conclusion : The companies which have high connectivity across different companies, high range of branches, high cooperation and coordination among employees, and good training facilities are most likely to effect the successful ERP implementation. From our findings we found that the top management influence was an important and critical factor for success of ERP in companies. Recommendations:For the company to successfully implement ERP it should invest heavily in Training ;amp; Development facilities. It should encourage high c ooperation and coordination among employees. Because the organization cannot concentrate on 9 organizational factors and work upon that. So, we divided the 9 organizational factors into 3 factor groups and the company can choose one of the factor groups that can be Infrastructural and Structural factor. Simultaneously, it can work on the independent variables that are present in this factor to enhance the probability of success of ERP implementation.Sources : sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0378720601001343ttp://fico-forum. com/? p=147 https://dspace. lboro. ac. uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/8091 researchersworld. com/vol2/issue2/Paper_07. pdf